Политическое устройство Великобритании 1 курс

1 курс

Тема 15: Политическое устройство Великобритании. Past Perfect.

UK Political System

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is constitutional monarchy. This means that Great Britain is governed by the Parliament and the Queen is Head of State.

The legislative power in the country is exercised by the Houses of Parliament. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords is composed of hereditary and life peers and peeresses. The members of the House of Commons are elected by the people. They are elected from the constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The House of Commons is the real governing body of the United Kingdom.

The executive power is exercised by Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The government is usually formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. Prime Minister is the majority party leader and is appointed by the Queen. Prime Minister chooses a team of ministers; twenty of the ministers are in the Cabinet.

The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet. The two leading parties in Great Britain are the Conservative Party (the Tories) and the Labour Party.

The judiciary branch of the government determines common law and is independent of both the legislative and the executive branches.

There is no written constitution in Great Britain, only precedents and traditions.

Answer the questions письменно и полный ответ. фото:

1. What does the term «constitutional monarchy» mean?
   
2. What body (орган) exercises the legislative power in the country?
   
3. How are the chambers of the Parliament composed?
   
4. What body exercises the executive power?
   
5. How is the executive branch of the government formed?
   
6. What is the official opposition?
   
7. What does the judiciary branch of the government do?
   
8. Is there a written Constitution in Great Britain?
   

2. Translate into English письменно. фото:

1. Термин «конституционная монархия» означает, что Великобритания управляется парламентом, а главой государства является королева.
   
2. Законодательная власть принадлежит парламенту, состоящему из двух палат.
   
3. Члены палаты общин, реального органа управления страной, избираются народом.
   
4. Премьер-министр назначается королевой и сам назначает кабинет.
   
5. Исполнительная власть в стране осуществляется премьер-министром и его кабинетом.
   
6. Партия, имеющая большинство в палате общин, формирует правительство.
   
7. Члены палаты общин избираются от округов в Англии, Шотландии, Уэльсе и Северной Ирландии.
   
8. Официальная оппозиция формирует свой теневой кабинет.
   
9. Судебная власть определяет гражданское право.
   
10. В Англии вместо письменной конституции существуют прецеденты и традиции.

Past Perfect Tense

3. Пройдя по ссылке, выполните грамматический тест https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_past-perfect-quiz.htm

Просмотрите видеоролик и пройдите тест 

Political System of Great Britain 

Test to Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cR4CL-bYkFU&t=11s

Тест для 1 курса Present Perfect or Past Perfect

Перейдите по ссылке и выполните тест. За каждый правильный ответ вы получите 1 балл! Удачи!

Present Perfect or Past Perfect 

Learning at Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey 

THE US CONSTITUTION

 

Read the text for detailed understanding.

THE US CONSTITUTION

The Constitution of the United States was reduced to writing in 1787. It was officially adopted by the thirteen states by 1790.

The Constitution sets the basic form of government. It specifies the powers and duties of each federal branch of government, with all other powers and duties belonging to the states.

The Constitution has been repeatedly amended. A constitutional amendment can only be carried out if a very substantial majority, both in Congress and each state, approves it.

The ultimate power under the Constitution is not given to the President or the Supreme Court. The Constitution limits the role of each branch to prevent any one branch from gaining undue power. Power belongs to “We the People” in fact and in spirit.

The first ten constitutional amendments are known together as Bill

of Rights. The Americans consider they will be the fundamental rights and liberties of any citizen of the USA. They are the freedom of religion, speech, the press, the right of peaceful assembly, etc.

Over two past centuries, the Constitution has also had considerable influence outside the US. Several other nations have based their own forms of government on it.

1. 
   The first ten Constitutional amendments are known together as _______________________.
   
2. 
   The US Constitution has also had _________________ influence outside the country.
   
3. 
   It ________ officially ___________ by the 13 states by 1790.
   
4. 
   The Constitution ______________ the basic form of government.
   
5. 
   The Constitution _____ ______repeatedly ______________ .
   
6. 
   The _____________ power under the Constitution is not given to the President or to the Supreme Court.
   
7. 
   The US Constitution __________________ to writing in 1787.
   
8. 
   The Constitution ________________ any one branch _____________ gaining undue power.
   
9. 
   It specifies the ____________________ of each federal branch of government.
   
10. 
    The Americans consider they will be the fundamental __________________.
    
11. 
    A constitutional amendment can only be carried out if a very substantial majority ________________ it.
    

Arrange the numbers of the sentences in the right order according to the text.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Task 4

Replace the Russian words and phrases by suitable English equivalents from the text.


The Constitution of the USA________________________________ (была написана) in 1787. It______________________________(была принята) officially by the 13 states by 1790. The Constitution________________________ (определяет) the powers and duties of each federal_______________ (власть) of government.

The Constitution_________ repeatedly___________ (изменялась). A__________________________________ (конституционная поправка) can be carried out if a majority_________________ (одобрит) it.

The US Constitution_____________________ (ограничивает) the role of each branch. It______________________ (предотвращает) any one branch from gaining_________________ (чрезмерный) power. The first ten constitutional______________________ (поправки) are known together as______________________ («Билль о правах»).


^ Task 5

Choose and underline the appropriate form of the verb.


The former colonies, now “the United States of America”, first operate / operated under an agreement which has / was called the Articles of Confederation. It is / was soon clear that this agreement among the states did / was not working well. In 1787 delegates from the states meet / met in Philadelphia. They wanted to revised / revise the Articles of Confederation, but they did / done much more than that. They written / wrote a completely new document, the Constitution, which after much argument, debate and compromise was / had finished in the same year and officially adopts / adopted by the 13 states by 1790.


Task 6

Translate the paragraph from Task 5 into Russian.


Task 7

Read the text again and find the answers to the following questions.


Does the USA have a written constitution?

1. 
   When was the American constitution adopted?
   
2. 
   What does the American constitution specify?
   
3. 
   Has it been repeatedly amended?
   
4. 
   Who does the ultimate power belong to in fact and in spirit?
   
5. 
   How are the first ten constitutional amendments known?
   
6. 
   Has the Constitution had considerable influence on other nations?
   

Task 8

Translate the sentences from Russian into English, using the verbs in brackets in Passive.

1. 
   Американская Конституция была написана (to write) в 1787, а была принята (to adopt) в 1790.
   
2. 
   Основная форма правления устанавливается (to set) Конституцией.
   
3. 
   Полномочия каждой федеральной ветви власти определяются (to specify) Конституцией.
   
4. 
   В Конституцию неоднократно вносились (to amend) поправки.
   
5. 
   В соответствии с Конституцией вся полнота власти не принадлежит (to give) ни Президенту, ни Верховному Суду.
   
6. 
   Первые десять конституционных поправок известны (to know) под названием «Билль о правах».
   
7. 
   Их считают (to consider) основными правами и свободами граждан США.
   

Task 9

Write what you have learned from the text about:

1. 
   the US Constitution;
   
2. 
   the rights and liberties of the Americans.
   

Английский язык . Экология/ Ссылка на учебник Егорова О.А. Козлова

Английский язык для экологов 

Biology Articles, News & Current Events

Ссылка на учебник Английский для юристов под редакцией С.Ю. Рубцовой

Английский для юристов 

Словообразование в английском языке

тема: Словообразование в английском языке

Air Pollution/ Soil pollution

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Air Pollution
Obviously air is essential for every life being on our planet — for people,  animals and plants. Without air no life on Earth could exist.  But today we face one urgent problem — the industry keeps on developing and  it results in air pollution. There are so many factories around that exhaust wastes into the air.

If you live in city you have certainly noticed how hard it is to breath sometimes. This happens because of huge amount of cars and their exhausts. In some countries there is even a law that allows families to have only one car to reduce the amount of harmful substances that they throw into the air. Why is air pollution so dangerous? Of course the first reason is that we need fresh air to breathe. Another reason is greenhouse effect. Around the Earth we have an ozon layer which saves us from the harmful effect of ultraviolet radiation. All the wastes we throw into the air destroy the ozon layer and more radiation penetrates into the atmosphere. Consequently, the air becomes hotter and this is called greenhouse effect which results in global warming. Why is global warming dangerous? It causes ice to melt and this can lead to world flood. There are still some measures people can take to reduce air pollution. First of all factories should use special filters on their smoke stacks. People should decrease logging and the thing every person can do is to plant more trees. In our city we have a special event when people plant trees along the embankment. I think this is very useful. We should also make everyone aware of global problems and have special ecological education at schools. Because we have only one planet to live and we must save it. Unfortunately we must save it from ourselves.

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Soil pollution